146 PROGRESS OF SCIENCE. 



striking evidences of the evolutionary doctrine. As regards 

 man, to us the most engrossing of all subjects, Huxley 

 showed anatomically that man must be classed in the order 

 of Primates, as one of the many divergent types which 

 that order embraces within its extensive limits. In his 

 work, " Man's Place in Nature," published about the same 

 time as Lyell's "Antiquity of Man" (1863), Huxley arrived 

 at the conclusion that man must necessarily be the descen- 

 dant, like other mammals, from some common vertebrate 

 ancestor, and that the prevalent view of his origin and of 

 his destiny "must be modified by the evolutionary principle." 

 His " Lectures on Comparative Anatomy," " Introduction 

 to the Classification of Animals," "Address on the Coming 

 of Age of the Origin of Species" (1880), are deservedly 

 held in universal esteem. 



b. 1834. Haeckel, one of the most brilliant followers of 

 Darwin, might be called the Huxley of Germany, but for his 

 tendency to venture upon speculations at times unsupported 

 by strict scientific inquiry. Apart from this consideration he 

 has rendered sterling services to science. In the first place 

 he, more than all others, contributed to the spread of 

 the evolutionary idea throughout Germany, despite his 

 troublesome terminology. Among other matters finely 

 treated he discussed with unique boldness the successive 

 stages of man's genealogy. In corroboration of Darwinism 

 he undertook a vast inquiry in order to determine the laws 

 governing the form of structure and mutual relations of living 

 things, so as to establish the general principles of biological 

 science. The first part of this labour he expounded in 

 " Generelle Morphologic " (1866). This work was an attempt 

 to found a " natural system " on the basis of genealogy ; 

 in other words, to construct hypothetical pedigrees of the 

 various species, including man. To this end he investigated 

 and pointed out several aspects of organic evolution, notably 

 those relating to the metamorphosis of organs, taking care to 

 strengthen his views by working out with remarkable cogency 

 and mastery the Darwinian theory of sexual selection. His 

 " History of Creation " (1868) a popular work contains an 

 application of the Darwinian theory to the chief groups of 



