MODERN SCIENCE. 151 



Cave (Herefordshire), the Chaleux cave (Belgium), the 

 Vezere cliffs (Dordogne), the Danish Kitchen-Middens and 

 Danish Mosses, the Swiss and Italian lake-dwellings, and 

 hundreds of other sites. Innumerable palseontological im- 

 plements and many human remains discovered everywhere 

 prove the antiquity of man by unmistakable evidence, and 

 reveal the fact that his presence on the earth must have pre- 

 ceded the Glacial period. 



The Anthropological Society of London (now Institute), 

 founded by Dr. James Hunt (1863), had not been long in 

 existence before it contributed a wide range of information 

 towards the natural history of man. 



PHILOLOGY. 



1765 1837. Colebrooke encouraged the study of Oriental 

 languages by composing a SANSKRIT GRAMMAR and Dictionary 

 bringing to the notice of Europe the Grammar of Panini, one 

 of the most profound books produced in any language. 



17671835. Humboldt (C. W.) founded COMPARATIVE 

 PHILOLOGY, which was destined to throw so much light 

 upon the growth of civilisation ; his " Studies on the Basque 

 Language," and his " Kawi Language in the Isle of Java," 

 constitute valuable documents on the history of speech. 



1786 1859. Grimm (Wilhelm Carl) discovered and 

 elucidated the law of the transmutation of .consonants, called 

 GRIMM'S LAW, between (i.) Indo-European languages (San- 

 skrit, Greek, Latin), (n.) the Low German languages, and 

 (ill.) Old High German a feat which has assisted the study 

 of our race in a remarkable degree. 



1790 1832. Champollion, following the ingenious hint 

 supplied by Thomas Young, deciphered the HIEROGLYPHIC 

 LANGUAGE of the Egyptians a thing vainly attempted for 

 two centuries, and the most marvellous feat of the kind ever 

 performed. And not only did Champollion accomplish the 

 solution of a problem which had baffled investigation for 

 ages, but he actually constructed a hieroglyphic grammar and 

 a hieroglyphic dictionary two performances of genius. The 

 key once found, subsequent scholars followed, and now 



