APPENDIX III. 



ARISTOTLE ON SYLLOGISM. 



1. "A syllogism is a sentence in which ascertained things being 

 laid down, something else different necessarily results, in consequence 

 of their existence." (Examples are given all through. Prior An. 



1. 1.) 



2. "A syllogism, then, is a discourse in which certain things 

 being laid down, something different from the posita (premises) 

 happens from necessity through the things being laid down." (Top. 

 n. i.) 



3. " Evidently, then, all syllogisms are produced through the 

 middle figure." (Pr. An. n. 12.) 



4. " The enthymeme is a kind of syllogism a short syllogism 

 an argument of two propositions one antecedent, another a 

 consequence deduced therefrom." 



5 . " The enthymeme is that discourse which forces consent 

 through propositions assented to." (Rhet. n. 22, Pr. An. n. 27.) 



In like manner are all the different kinds of syllogism, the 

 catasyllogism (Pr. An. n. 19), the parasyllogism (Top. I. i), the 

 elenchus (Pr. An. n. 20), the epichereme (Top. n. 5, vm. n), and 

 others, defined and explained. 



We have only to add that Aristotle, having shown the laws of 

 the syllogism and its many varieties, and furnished examples to 

 illustrate its transformations in all ways, never used, nor taught any 

 one to use, the syllogistic method (i.e., the schoolmen's process) in 

 any of the rational or experimental sciences. The schoolmen 

 reduced Aristotle's process to a mere method of argumentation. 



