PROGRESS OF PSYCHOLOGY. 469 



he looks for the interpretation of memory in terms 

 of the nature of the colloidal substances which make 

 up protoplasm. 



This seems to us an admirable position for the 

 physiologist, to whom subjective terms are irrele- 

 vant, but " comparative psychology " is part of the 

 title of Loeb's book, and therefore we doubt if 

 the author is justified in calling the question of 

 presence or absence of intelligence a scholastic dis- 

 cussion. 



Our point is simply this, that while the purely 

 physiological interpretation may seem sufficient (we 

 are only half -convinced) to account for certain 

 events in the behaviour of sea-anemones, jelly-fishes, 

 worms, etc., as most graphically depicted by Loeb, 

 it is not as yet even approximately sufficient to ac- 

 count for the general behaviour of the majority of 

 animals. We admit that where no evidence of even 

 associative memory can be found, it is difficult to 

 show (except on general grounds) why the hypothesis 

 of psychoses as well as neuroses is necessary. But 

 when we take a broad view of the behaviour of 

 animals, we find the psychological interpretation 

 necessary. 



If it be shown that not only the bee but the bird 

 can be adequately described physiologically, that the 

 hypothesis of crediting either with a mental life 

 is gratuitous, that comparative psychology, in short, 

 has disappeared as comparative physiology has ad- 

 vanced, then the number of scientific formulae has 

 been reduced by one, that is all. But, in the mean- 

 time, this reduction not having been achieved, we are 

 in the habit of studying the behaviour of bees and 

 birds, and must have a theoretical linkage for our 

 facts. We find no other linkage available except 



