70 PROGRESS OF SCIENCE IN THE CENTURY. 



the psychological one, since that afforded by physi- 

 ology seems to us inadequate to fit the facts. 



Another View. As we wish that our historical 

 balance-sheet, necessarily condensed, should be at 

 least fair, we may direct the reader's attention to the 

 work of Prof. Loeb (already cited as an instance of 

 the purely physiological position). According to Loeb, 

 reflexes may occur without a reflex arc, they are riot 

 necessarily bound up with the central nervous system 

 or the ganglion-cells; the central nervous system is 

 only a convenient conductor; instincts are bundles 

 of tropisms ; neither for spontaneous activity nor for 

 co-ordination are ganglion-cells essential; the only 

 specific function of the brain, or certain parts of it, 

 which Loeb has been able to find, is the activity of 

 associative memory ; and this is made possible by 

 peculiarities (still quite obscure) in the nature of the 

 colloidal substances which form the physical basis of 

 life. 



DEVELOPMENT AND EVOLUTION OF MIND. 



" We may define psychology," says Dr. G. F. 

 Stout, " as the science of the development of mind." "* 

 The definition indicates the modern outlook of the 

 science, but the problems involved are so difficult that 

 we have restricted ourselves to pointing out the vari- 

 ous sources of information. 



The Data. From four sets of facts the psycholo- 

 gist may obtain development and material for his 

 conclusions as to the individual and racial evolution 

 of mind. 



Analytic Psychology, Vol. I., 1896, p. 9. 



