SUGGESTIONS OF SOCIOLOGY. 513 



Just as Dr. Arbuthnot Lane and Dr. Havelock 

 Charles tell us of the modifications wrought on the 

 shoemaker's and tailor's body by his habits of work ; 

 just as Dr. Arlidge has given us a monograph on the 

 diseases causally connected with the different modern 

 occupations ; so the sociologist seeks to trace the far- 

 reaching influences of the different primary modes of 

 food-getting. Thus hunting may be said to imply 

 a roving, unsettled life, a small tribe with perhaps 

 only a rendezvous, and the evolution of independ- 

 ence, bravery, and wariness; shepherding may be 

 said to imply a larger tribe, less individualism, more 

 corporate life, and the evolution of protective organi- 

 sation and rights of property; agriculture may be 

 said to imply a still larger population, a settled life, 

 a relief from anxiety, a greater opportunity to use 

 slaves, more leisure, and thence perhaps more civili- 

 sation. The importance of the different kinds of diet 

 has been often pointed out, but Prof. Patten has 

 more than anyone done justice or more than justice 

 to the sociological import of food. We recall 

 Claude Bernard's remark in regard to nutrition: 

 " L'evolution, ce n'est pas que la nutrition f vue au 

 travers du temps/' and Moleschott's aphorism " Der 

 Mensch ist was er isst." 



We need not, however, give further illustration; 

 the general thesis is plain that physical needs, 

 changing in expression with the natural inheritance 

 of each race, determine the fundamental functions 

 which are adapted to particular environments; and 

 on the economic life thus resulting the structure of 

 a society in greater part depends. 



(III.) Kinship. The third great set of factors 

 to be borne in mind in all sociological interpreta- 

 tion may be summed up in the phrase genetic rela- 



