3 o8 



NATURAL HISTORY. 



Crustacea, 47 ; Cuvier on, 146. 



Cuckoo, 80. 



Cuvier, 136-167 ; scientific papers, 138, 

 139 ; his great scientific activity, 142 ; 

 work as a specialist in zoology, 142 ; 

 on the Mollusca and fishes, 142 ; 

 studies in palaeontology, 143 ; treatise 

 on the animal kingdom, 144 ; advances 

 which Cuvier effected in zoological 

 science, 145 ; studies of invertebrate 

 animals, 146 ; vertebrate animals, 147 ; 

 his grouping of the animal kingdom, 

 148, 149 ; recognised the true principle 

 of philosophical classification, 150; 

 contributions to morphology, 151 ; 

 chief founder of science of palaeonto- 

 logy, 152 ; investigations of tertiary 

 rocks, 154; controversy as to origin 

 of fossils, 154 ; a ' catastrophist,' 

 155 ; views on the origin of species, 

 155 ; on Lamarck's views, 157 ; gave 

 a scientific basis to palaeontology, 158; 

 established the law of correlation of 

 organs, 159 ; on the marsupials, 164. 



Dalyell, Sir John Graham, 191. 



Darwin, Charles, his birth and educa- 

 tion, 277; cruise in the Beagle, 278; 

 journal of researches, note, 278; 

 scientific labours and death, 279 ; list 

 of works by, 279, 280 ; established the 

 theory of natural selection, 280 ; bases 

 of theory, 281 ; variation, 283, 284 ; 

 his illustration of the giraffe, 285 ; his 

 theory of artificial selection, 287-292 ; 

 objections to his theory of natural 

 selection, 293. 



Darwin, Erasmus, 223-235; intimately 

 connected with theory of origin of 

 species, 223 ; life of, 224 ; recog- 

 nised natural variations and the 

 principle of heredity, 227 ; on com- 

 munity of descent, 228 ; on probable 

 cause of modification of species, 229 ; 

 on transformations of animals, 229, 

 230, 231 ; concluded that all animals 

 have a common origin, 233 ; taught 

 the origin of species by descent with 

 modifications, 234. | 



Deinosaurs, 304. 



Development, science of, 8 ; doctrine of 

 progressive, 264-274. 



Distribution of plants and animals ac- 

 cording to Forbes, 213, 214, 215, 216. 

 Dodo, stuffed specimen of, 68. 

 Donovan, Edward, and works by, 108. 

 Drury, the entomologist, 108. 

 Duck-mole, 162, 167, 176. 

 Duport, James, 22. 



Eel, the electric, 79. 



Elephant, supernatural qualities ascribed 

 to, 3 ; trunk of the, 230 ; Darwin's 

 calculations as to age, &c., 282. 



Ellis, John, 93. 



Embryology, 8, 151, 302. 



Enaima, or animals with blood, 17. 



Entomology, 189. 



Eohippus, 306. 



Equidae, feet of fossil, 305. 



Evolution, 10 ; the key to biological 

 problems, 223 ; Lamarck's theory of, 

 223, 243 ; Buffon on, 226 ; facts of 

 palaeontology support theory, 304. 



Fish- hawk described by Wilson, 128. 



Fishes, 47 ; Willughby on, 43 ; Cuvier 

 and Giinther, 44; classified by Lin- 

 naeus, 60 ; Cuvier's researches in the 

 department of, 142. 



Fleming, Rev. John, 184, 185. 



Forbes, Edward, 184, 192-222; fond- 

 ness for natural history, 193 ; college 

 training, 195 ; abandons the study 

 of medicine, 197 ; foreign travel, 

 197 ; dredging expeditions, 198 ; 

 appointed naturalist to the Beacon, 

 199; professor of Botany in King's 

 College, 200 ; appointed to the Natural 

 History chair in Edinburgh, 202 ; 

 premature death, 203 ; his contribu- 

 tions to natural history, 203, 204; 

 studies of the British mollusca, 205 ; 

 researches into the distribution of 

 animals, 205 ; his belief in the fixity of 

 species, 206 ; theory as to genera, 208 ; 

 on the distribution of animals in the 

 sea, 209 ; four zones of depth, 210 ; 

 theory of the absence of life in deeper 

 parts of ocean disproved, 212 ; studies 

 in distribution of plants and animals, 

 213, 214, 215; theory of the distribu- 

 tion of plants and animals, 217; the 

 three floras, 220, 221. 





