3 io 



NATURAL HISTORY. 



Latham, Dr John, 107. 



Lewes, George Henry, 12-17. 



Linnaeus or Linn, Karl von, 46-52 ; 

 publication of Systema Naturce, 

 53; visits England, 53; scientific 

 labours, 55 ; position as a botanist 

 and zoologist, 56; his classification 

 the simplest and most complete up 

 till that time, 57 ; division of natural 

 objects into kingdoms, 58; great 

 merits of his classification, 61 ; intro- 

 duction of binomial system, 62 ; in- 

 dications of a farther expansion of 

 the Linnean nomenclature, 63. 



Lister, Martin, 33, 90. 



Littoral zone, the, 210. 



Macgillivray, William, 187. 



Macleay, W. S., 168. 



Madder, wild, 214. 



Maillet, Benedict de, 156. 



Malacia, 47. 



Malacostraca, 47. 



Malthusian law of increase, 281. 



Mammalia, division of, by Linnaeus, 58 ; 

 primates, 58 ; least satisfactory features 

 of this division, 59 ; Cuvier on osteo- 

 logy of, 151. 



Mammals, 44, 47, 49. 



Manatees, 49. 



Marsupial quadrupeds, structure of, 164 ; 

 where found, 164 ; fossil, 166. 



Mastodon, 143. 



Megalonyx, 143. 



Migration, animals and plants, 217-219. 



Mivart, St George, objections to law of 

 natural selection, 293. 



Mollusca, 47, 91, 187 ; Cuvier's researches 

 on, 139, 142, 147, 151 ; Forbes on, 204, 

 205. 



Montagu, George, 107. 



Morphological likenesses, 173. 



Morphology, 8 ; 151. 



Mullein, the, 215. 



Museums, great, 64-89. 



Natural History, beginnings of, 1-6; no 

 system previous to Aristotle, 7 ; only 

 the aggregate history of all known 

 species of animals, 7 ; departments 

 known as morphology or anatomy, 

 physiology, embryology, and geo- 



graphical distribution of animals, 8 ; 

 of palaeontology, 9 ; of taxonomy, 9 ; 

 of evolution, 10 ; of psychology and 

 teleology, 10 ; scientific prosecution of, 

 came for centuries to a close at the 

 death of Aristotle, 18 ; contributions 

 of Pliny the Elder to, 18 ; awakening 

 in seventeenth century, 18, 21 ; arti- 

 ficial and natural classification, 47. 

 Natural Selection, theory of, 275; has 

 brought to light a whole series of 

 problems, 276 ; first established by 

 Darwin, 277, 281 ; bases of the 

 theory of, 281 ; operation of this law 

 in the case of the giraffe, 285 ; pre- 

 serves all favourable variations, 285; 

 destroys unfavourable variations, 286 ; 

 all species produced by, 287 ; many 

 domestic animals protected from this 

 law, 288, 291 ; theory requires that 

 there should be a series of inter- 

 mediate types graduating into one 

 another, 297 ; does not explain why 

 variations occur, 300 ; evidence in 

 favour of this law, 301-6. 



Odontornithes, 304. 

 Oldenburg, Mr, 33. 

 Opossum, fossil, 164, 165. 

 Organisms, how produced, 272. 

 Organs, law of correlation of, 159-161. 

 Origin of species by means of Natural 



Selection, 223-228, 292, 300 ; Darwin's 



book on, 280. 

 Ornithology, 186. 

 Orohippus, 306. 

 Ostracoderma, 47. 

 Oviparous animals, 47. 

 dwen, Sir Richard, note, 88 ; publishes 



descriptive catalogues of the Hunterian 



Museum, 89 ; on Cuvier, 150 ; on the 



correlation of organs, 161. 



Palaeolithic men, 2. 



Palaeontology, 9 ; Cuvier the chief 

 founder of, 152 ; relations of this science 

 to geology, 153 ; Cuvier gave scientific 

 bases to, 158 ; enables us to trace line 

 of descent of animals, 306. 



Peacock, 3 ; black-shouldered, 299. 



Pennant, Thomas, account of, 96 ; on the 

 migration of the herring, 98, 99 ; on the 



