INDEX. 



common hog, 100, 101 ; on the wild 

 boar, 102 ; tours and publications, 

 102-106 ; on migration of swallow, 1 19. 



Petiver, James, the collection of, 68. 



Peyssonnel on zoophytes, 94. 



Physiology, 8. 



Pig, domestic, relieved from law of natural 

 selection, 288, 290. 



Pigeon, an extinct, 68. 



Pigmentum nigrum, in animals, 79. 



Polypes, freshwater, 94 ; trumpet, 191. 



Primates, 58. 



Primrose, the, 215. 



Protective resemblances among animals, 

 229-232. 



Pterodactyles, 163, 304. 



Quadrupeds, division of, by Linnseus, 



58 ; primates, 58 ; embryo of, 302. 

 Quinary classification, the, 177. 



Radiata, the, of Cuvier, 147. 



Raven, 50. 



Ray, John, 18; the chief representative 

 of natural sciences in pre-Linnean 

 period, 20 ; his birth and education, 

 22 ; tours, &c. , 24-33 ' History of 

 Insects, 35 ; character, 36 ; botani- 

 cal treatises by, 37; theological 

 treatises, 38 ; zoological treatises, 

 39; his classification of animals, 

 47, 48 ; his classification artificial, 

 48 ; separates animals which are 

 closely allied, 49. 



Reaumur, 95. 



Red Lion Club, the, note, 199. 



Reindeer, 2. 



Reptiles, 47 ; History of, 186. 



Retrogression, 168-182. 



Richardson, Sir John, 185. 



Robinet on man and animals, 156. 



Robinson, Dr Tancred, 33. 



Rondeletius, 21. 



Rook, the, 50. 



Royal College of Surgeons, 88. 



Ruminant animals, 303, 304. 



Sainfoin, the, 215. 

 Sargassum, 222. 



Sars, the Norwegian naturalist, 191. 

 Scallop, the Icelandic, found in the 

 Clyde, 219. 



Scandinavian area, 215. 



Scout, the, 26. 



Sea-squirts, a link between the true 

 shell-fish and vertebrate animals, 301. 



Selection, artificial, as expounded by 

 Darwin, 289. 



Serpent worship, 4. 



Sexual selection, theory of, 232. 



Shaw, George, 108 ; chief works, 109. 



Shells, Lister on, 91. 



Sibbald, Sir Robert, 91-93. 



Sloane, Sir Hans, 33, 54, 65; his 

 Catalogue of Jamaica Plants, 66; 

 founder of the British Museum, 67. 



Smeathman, entomologist, 108. 



Solan geese, 25. 



Solander, 55. 



Sowerbys, the, 188. 



Sparrman, 55. 



Species, Forbes on fixity of, 206 ; 

 natural groups of, 208 ; definition of, 

 244 ; transmutation of, 236-263 ; 

 old views as to, now given up 

 by naturalists, 236, 237; revolution 

 accomplished by Charles Darwin, 

 237; same principle of evolution 

 adopted by Lamarck, 237 ; earliest 

 definite theory of evolution in La- 

 marck's Philosophie Zoologique, 243 ; 

 many naturalists believed that species 

 of animals and plants were special crea- 

 tions, 243 ; general ideas that a species 

 consists of an assemblage of individuals, 

 244 ; difficult to decide between species 

 and a variety, 245 ; the physiological 

 test of, 245 ; Lamarck on, 246, 247 ; 

 only stable so long as their environ- 

 ment remains unchanged, 247 ; 

 agencies concerned in the modification 

 of, 251 ; giraffe theory, 252; old idea 

 that species produced as we now find 

 it, 254; notion of permanence of, 

 257; change in structure of organs 

 from use or disuse, 259, 263. 



Spence, William, 189. 



Spencer, Herbert, and the survival of 

 the fittest, 284. 



Stag, use of horns of the, 230. 



Star-fishes, 204. 



St Paul's battoons, 33. 



Stephens, James F., 189. 



Swainson, William, 91, 168 ; travels 



