154 HAZATLAK BIVALVES 



suborbicular. The ligament has a variable number of longi- 

 tudinal grooves, each broken up into portions like a necklace. 

 The shell is generally suborbicular and massive (sometimes 

 6 in. thick, JETanl.), and affords a safe asylum not only for 

 the ordinary boring and nestling bivalves, but for numerous 

 small G-asteropods, especially Cceca, Odostomidse, Vitrinellse, 

 Naricse, &c., which establish themselves in empty burrows 

 and in the galleries formed by numerous boring worms, in the 

 coloured portion of the shell. The possession of a single valve 

 therefore is quite a treasure to a patient conchologist ; as, after 

 working out the borers, he will find a plentiful supply of species 

 among the debris. Most of the small shells described in this 

 Catalogue were thus taken from the large Chamae and Spon- 

 dyli, by carefully passing the shell-washings through a fine 

 wire sieve, and examining the remainder under the glass. A 

 single specimen of Spondylus was found to contain the follow- 

 ing species : Parapholas calva, Gastrochsena ovata and trun- 

 cata, Petricola robust a, Rupellaria linguafelis, Saxicava arctica, 

 Sphsenia fragilis, Cumingia 3 sp., Tellina 2 sp., Veiieridse 5 sp., 

 Gouldia Pacifica and varians, Circe margarita, Cardita Cali- 

 fornica, Cardium 2 sp., Lucina, 2 sp., Kellia suborbicularis, 

 Lepton 2 sp., Mytilus 2 sp., Crenella, Septifer, Lithophagus 

 aristatus and plumula, Byssoarca gradata and solida, Chama, 

 Isognomon, Avicula, Anomia, Discina Cumingii, Bullidse 2 sp., 

 Chiton, Patella 2 sp., Siphonaria (2 varieties), Crepidula 2 sp., 

 Fissurella 2 sp., Hipponyx, Vermetus 2 sp., Torinia, Trochus, 

 JN"arica, Vitrinella 6 sp., Fossar, Littorina 2 sp., Rissoidse 5 sp., 

 Jeffreysia, Cerithiadse 5 sp,, Odostomia 6 sp., Chemnitzia 3 sp., 

 Eulima 2 sp., Scalaria, Csecum 5 sp., Columbella 5 sp., Nassa, 

 and Marginella 2 sp : in all 103 species, of which 7 only were 

 fragmentary. It is impossible to say how many more might 

 have been rescued from oblivion, had not the original pur- 

 chaser of the collection immediately sold off almost all the 

 large shells to the keeper of a tea garden connected with a 

 public house near Manchester, where they may be seen, the 

 Pinnae built up into grottos, and the Spondyli and large 

 Patellse arranged alternately round the skirting board of his 

 "Museum." These shells were carefully washed by the publi- 

 can's servant, and the precious dirt thrown away. Mr. Hanley 

 was more fortunate, and obtained many fine specimens from 

 the Havre Col. The largest specimen I obtained measures 

 long. 7', lat.T, alt.6'5. The measurement was however taken 

 after the shell had been decorticated to obtain the borers. 



