Genus Catopsilia 



small; the segments somewhat moniliform, resembling beads 



strung together, the surface covered with a multitude of minute 



papillae ranged in transverse rows. 



Chrysalis. The chrysalis is strongly concave on the dorsal side, 



with the head greatly produced as a long, pointed, conical projec- 

 tion; the wing-cases are compressed and 

 form a very wide, keel-shaped projection 

 on the ventral side. This peculiar forma- 

 tion of the wing-cases reaches its greatest 

 development in this genus. 



The butterflies of this genus are mainly 

 tropical. Four or five species, however, 

 are found in the warmer parts of the United 

 States, and one of them ranges north as far 

 as northern New Jersey, and has been occa- 

 sionally taken even in northern Illinois. 



(i) Catopsilia eubule, Linnaeus, Plate 

 XXXIII, Fig. 2, $ ; Fig. 3, $ , under side; 

 Plate II, Figs. 2, 4, larva; Plate V, Figs. 60- 

 62, chrysalis (The Cloudless Sulphur). 

 Butterfly. This splendid and vigorous 



FIG. 144. Neuration of 

 the genus Catopsilia. 



butterfly is found from New England and Wisconsin to Patagonia, 

 being very abundant in the tropics, where it congregates in great 

 swarms upon moist places by the side of streams. It haunts in 

 great numbers the orange-groves of the South, and is very fond 

 of flowers. It is rare on the northern limits of its range, though 

 quite common on the coast of New Jersey. Expanse, 2. 50 inches. 

 The caterpillar feeds on leguminous plants, but especially upon the 

 different species of Cassia. 



(2) Catopsilia philea, Linnaeus, Plate XXXIII, Fig. 4, $ (The 

 Red-barred Sulphur). 



Butterfly. This is another noble species of this fine genus, 

 which includes some of the showiest insects of the subfamily. 

 It may be readily recognized by the bar of deep orange crossing the 

 cell of the primaries, and by the orange tint on the outer margin 

 of the hind wings. Expanse, 3.00-3.50 inches. 



Early Stages. But little is as yet known of these. The larva 

 feeds on the same kinds of plants as the larva of C. eubule. It occurs 

 in Texas, and is said to have also been found in Illinois as a strag- 

 It is abundant in Mexico, Central America, and southward. 



286 



gler. 



