Genus Papilio 



marked affinities throughout the whole vast assemblage of spe- 

 cies, which at the present time includes about five hundred dis- 

 tinct forms. 



Early Stages. The eggs are somewhat globular, flattened at 

 the base, and smooth. The caterpillars are cylindrical, smooth, 

 fleshy, thicker in the anterior portion of the body than in the 

 posterior portion, and are always provided with osmateria, or 

 protrusive scent-organs, which, when the larva is alarmed, are 

 thrust forth, and emit a musky odor, not highly disagreeable to 

 the human nostrils, but evidently intended to deter other creatures 

 from attacking them. The chrysalids are always attached by a 

 button of silk at the anal extremity, and held in place by a girdle 

 of silk about the middle. The chrysalids are, however, never 

 closely appressed to the surface upon which pupation takes 

 place. 



There are about twenty-seven species of this genus found 

 within the limits of boreal America. Our fauna is therefore much 

 richer in these magnificently colored and showy butterflies than 

 is the fauna of all Europe, in which but three species are known 

 from the Dardanelles to the North Cape and Gibraltar. The ge- 

 nus is wonderfully developed in the tropics both of the New and 

 the Old World, and has always been a favorite with collectors, 

 containing many of the largest as well as the handsomest insects 

 of the order. 



(i) Papilio ajax, Linnaeus, Plate II, Fig. 14, larva; Plate VI, 

 Figs, n, 12, chrysalis (Ajax). 



Butterfly. This insect, which is one of the most beautiful 

 in our fauna, has been the subject of attentive study in recent 

 years, and is now known to be seasonally polymorphic. We 

 have given in Plate XLIV figures of several of the forms. 



(a) Winter form walshi; Edwards, Plate XLIV, Fig. 4, $. 

 In this form, which emerges from chrysalids which have been 

 exposed to the cold of the winter, the black bands of the wings 

 are narrower and a trifle paler than in the other forms, the tails 

 of the hind wing tipped with white, and the crimson spot on 

 the inner margin near the anal angle forming a conspicuous bent 

 bar. A variety of this form, with a more or less distinct crimson 

 line parallel to the inner margin on the upper side of the hind 

 wing, has been named Papilio a/ax, var. abbotti, by Edwards. 



Another winter form, for which I propose the name floriden- 



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