Tat/lor: \ "< iir<>iin>/nr A i>i>nit ux in Kiijilnl, \ 44") 



of two different parts .Maier. 1903), an clastic axial lilaineiit covered 

 by a sheath which, according to Khainsky , 1!U(M. is continuous with 

 the pellicle. Kach ciliuin arises from a basal granule situatc<l in the 

 cct.iplasm beneath tin- pellicle : 1'iittcr. 1IKI4K The theory of Ilenne- 

 U'liy and Lenhossek. that this granule in mcta/oan cells is a derivative 

 of the ceiitriole. has recently been opposed by Sairuchi (1917), who 

 regards the granules as having their origin in mitochondria. Con- 

 tinued from each basal granule into the cell-plasm is a fibril, the ciliary 

 rootlet, which in certain ciliates has been I'ound to unite with other 

 such rootlets by means of a basal fibril riinnint: parallel to the 

 periphery beneath each row of cilia (Maier. UN):!). In flagellates, 

 the basal granule or blepharoplast may show two such rootlets, one 

 uniting the blepharoplast to the nucleus and the other connecting the 

 blepharoplast and parabasal body (Swexy. 19KH. 



The component cilia of the cirri and membranelles in l-'.tij>lntes 

 /;/<//</ clearly possess each a basal granule and ciliary rootlet i tig. 17). 

 As previously stated, the granules and rootlets lie within the basal 

 plate of each cirrus and inembrauelle. which in turn is united to the 

 corresponding fiber plate. There is. as yet. no evidence that the ciliary 

 rootlets are united to the fiber plate and they are here regarded only 

 as contiguous with that plate. The ease with which the basal plate 

 detaches from the liber plate and the want of indications on its surface 

 that there were ciliary attachments favor this interpretation. 



As regard the movement of cilia, there appears in the literature 

 a considerable difference of opinion as to how this movement is pro- 

 duced. Certain investigators regard the cilium as wholly passive, its 

 movement being effected either by way of the basal granule (Hennc- 

 guy. 1898 ; Lenhossek, 1898 ; Peter. 1899 ; Joseph. 1903 ; Saguchi. 1917) , 

 or by the contractility of the ciliary rootlets (Simroth. 1876; Benda. 

 1899). There are others who believe the cilium itself to be active 

 (Engelmann. 1879; Klebs, 1881; Biitschli, 1885; Schilling, 1891; 

 Fischer. 1894; Kolsch. 1902; Prowazek. 190H; 1'iittcr. 190:{ : (iurwitz. 

 1904; Erhard, 1910; Kolacev. 1910). Its power of contractility lies 

 either in the axial filament or in the protoplasmic sheath surrounding 

 the filament. 



Favoring the latter view are the observations of several authors 

 who have noted that cilia may continue to contract after they have 

 become detached. Klebs (1881) saw in the long flagella of Trachcln- 

 mnnas that contractions and extensions continued after the flagella 

 were detached from the body. Biitschli (1885) describes movements 



