42 DISSECTION OF THE FACE. 



process ; it passes into the glenoid hollow behind the articulation of the 

 lower jaw ; and sinks beneath the ramus of that bone along the internal 

 maxillary artery. 



Passing through the middle of the gland is the external carotid artery, 

 which ascends behind the ramus of the jaw, and furnishes the auricular, 

 superficial temporal, and internal maxillary branches. Superficial to the 

 artery lies the trunk formed by the junction of the temporal and internal 

 maxillary veins, from which the external jugular vein springs ; and this 

 common trunk, receiving some veins from the parotid, is connected with 

 the internal jugular vein by a branch through the gland. 1 Crossing the 

 gland from behind forwards is the trunk of the facial nerve, which passes 

 over the artery, and distributes its branches through the parotid. The 

 superficial temporal branch of the inferior maxillary nerves lies ab3ve the 

 upper part of the glandular mass ; and offsets of the great auricular nerve 

 pierce the gland at the lower part, and join the facial. 



The structure of the parotid resembles that of the other salivary glands. 

 The glandular mass is divided into numerous small lobules by intervening 

 processes of fascia ; and each lobule consists of a set of the fine closed sac- 

 cular extremities of the excretory duct, which are lined by flattened and 

 nucleated epithelium, and surrounded by capillary vessels. These little 

 sacs form by their aggregation the mass of each lobule. 



From the lobules issue small ducts, which unite to form larger tubes, 

 and finally all the ducts of the gland are collected into one. The common 

 duct (duct of Stenson) is composed of an external fibrous coat, consisting 

 of white and elastic fibres ; and of an internal mucous coat which is clothed 

 with columnar epithelium. 



The parotid receives its arteries from the external carotid ; and its nerves 

 from the sympathetic, auriculo-temporal of the fifth, facial, and great auri- 

 cular. Its lymphatics join those of the neck. 



Two or three small molar (/lands lie along the origin of the buccinator, 

 and open into the mouth near the last molar tooth by separate ducts. 



CARTILAGES OF THE NOSE (fig. 7). These close the anterior nasal 

 aperture in the skeleton, and form part of the outer nose and the septum. 

 They are five in number, two on each side lateral cartilage and cartilage 

 of the aperture ; together with a central one, or the cartilage of the septum 

 of the nose. Only the lateral cartilages are seen in this stage of the dis- 

 section. 



Dissection. The lateral cartilages will be seen when the muscular and 

 fibrous structure of the left side of the nose, and the skin of the lower 

 part of the nostril of the same side, have been taken away. By turning 

 aside the lateral cartilages the septal one will appear in the middle line. 



The upper lateral cartilage (fig. 7, 2 ) is flattened, and is somewhat 

 triangular in form. Posteriorly it is attached to the nasal and upper 

 maxillary bones ; and anteriorly it meets the one of the opposite side for a 

 short distance above, but the two are separated below by an interval, in 

 which the cartilage of the septum appears. Inferiorly the lateral cartilage 



1 Oftentimes there is a different arrangement of these veins. In snch case the 

 external jugular is continued from the occipital (half or all) and posterior auri- 

 cular veins ; whilst the temporal and internal maxillary veins unite to form a 

 trunk (tempo-maxillary), which receives the facial below the jaw, and opens into 

 the internal jugular vein opposite the upper border of the thyroid cartilage. 

 When this condition exists, the temporo-maxillary vein accompanies the external 

 carotid artery. 



