48 DISSECTION OF THE FACE. 



of the superior maxillary and with the supra-orbital nerve have been seen. 

 Other still smaller branches are to be traced to the outer part of the orbit, 

 where, they enter the eyelids and communicate with the other nerves in 

 the lids ; as these cross the malar bone, a junction is to be found with the 

 subcutaneous malar nerve of the fifth. 



With the duct of the parotid are two or more large branches, which are 

 to be followed below the orbit to their junction with the infra-orbital, nasal, 

 and infra-trochlear nerves. 



The remaining branches to the lower part of the face are smaller in 

 size. One joins with the buccal nerve at the lower part of the buccinator 

 muscle ; and one or two others are to be traced forwards to the lower lip, 

 and to the labial branch of the inferior dental nerve. 



To follow backwards the trunk of the nerve through the gland, the in- 

 teguments should be taken from the surface of the parotid as on the other 

 side, and the gland should be removed piece by piece. In this proceeding 

 the small branches of communication of the great auricular nerve with 

 offsets of the facial, and the deep branches from the facial to the auriculo- 

 temporal nerve, are to be sought. 



Lastly, the first small branches of the facial to the ear and the digastric 

 and stylo-hyoid muscles, are to be looked for close to the base of the skull 

 before the nerve enters the parotid. 



THE NERVE OUTSIDE THE SKULL (fig. 9, Ji ). The nerve issues from 

 the stylo-mastoid foramen, after traversing the aqueduct of Fallopius, and 

 furnishes immediately the three following small branches : 



The posterior auricular branch (fig. 9, ') turns upwards in front of the 

 mastoid process, where it communicates with an offset of the great auricu- 

 lar, and is said to be joined by a branch to the ear from the pneumogastric 

 (cranial) nerve ; it ends in auricular and mastoid offsets (p. 23). 



The branch to the digastric muscle generally arises in common with the 

 next. It is distributed by many offsets to the posterior belly of the mus- 

 cle near the skull. 



The branch to the stylo-hyoideus is a long slender nerve, which is 

 directed inwards and enters its muscle about the middle. This branch 

 communicates with the sympathetic nerve on the external carotid artery. 



As soon as the facial nerve has given off those branches, it is directed 

 forwards through the gland, and divides near the ramus of the jaw into 

 two large trunks temporo-facial and cervico-facial. 



The TEMPORO-FACIAL TRUNK furnishes offsets to the side of the head 

 and face, whose ramifications extend as low as the meatus auditorius. As 

 this trunk crosses over the external carotid artery, it sends downwards 

 branches to join the auriculo-temporal portion of the inferior maxillary 

 nerve ; and in front of the ear it gives some filaments to the tragus of the 

 pinna. Three sets of terminal branches, temporal, malar, and infra-orbi- 

 tal, are derived from the temporo-facial part. 



The temporal branches ascend obliquely over the zygomatic arch to 

 enter the orbicular muscle, the corrugator supercilii, and the anterior belly 

 of the occipito-frontalis ; they are united with offsets of the supra-orbital 

 nerve ( 6 ). The attrahens aurem muscle receives a branch from this set ; 

 and a junction takes place above the zygoma with the temporal branch of 

 the superior maxillary nerve ( 10 ). 



The malar branches are directed to the outer angle of the orbit, and 

 are distributed to the orbicularis muscle. In the eyelids communications 

 take place with the palpebral filaments of the fifth nerve ; and near the 



