86 DISSECTION OF THE NECK. 



face has been examined (p. 40). From the cervical part branches are 

 given to the pharynx, and to the structures below the jaw, viz. : 



a. The inferior palatine branch ascends to the pharynx beneath the 

 jaw, passing between the stylo-glossus and stylo-pharyngeus muscles, and 

 is distributed to the soft palate, after furnishing a branch to the tonsil. 

 This branch frequently arises from the ascending pharyngeal artery. 



b. The tonsillar branch is smaller than the preceding, and passes be- 

 tween the internal pterygoid and stylo-glossus muscles. Opposite the ton- 

 sil it perforates the constrictor muscle, and ends in offsets to that body. 



c. Glandular branches are supplied to the submaxillary gland from the 

 part of the artery in contact with it. 



d. The submental branch arises near the inferior maxilla, and courses 

 forwards on the mylo-hyoideus to the anterior belly of the digastric muscle, 

 where it ends in offsets : some of these turn over the jaw to the chin and 

 lower lip ; and the rest supply the muscles between the jaw and the hyoid 

 bone one or two perforating the mylo-hyoideus and anastomosing with 

 the sublingual artery. 



The facial vein (p. 40) joins the internal jugular. In the cervical part 

 of its course it receives branches corresponding with the offsets of the 

 artery. It often throws itself into the temporo-maxillary trunk. 



The occipital artery is of considerable size, and is destined for the back 

 of the head. It arises from the carotid opposite the facial branch, near 

 the lower border of the digastric muscle, and ascends to the inner part of 

 the mastoid process of the temporal bone. Next it turns horizontally 

 backwards on the occipital bone, passing above the transverse process of 

 the atlas ; and finally becomes cutaneous near the middle line (p. 21). In 

 the neck this artery passes beneath the digastric muscle and a part of the 

 parotid gland ; and crosses over the internal carotid artery, the jugular 

 vein, and the spinal accessory and hypoglossal nerves. 



The only offset from the artery in the front of the neck is a small poste- 

 rior meningeal branch: this ascends along the internal jugular vein, and 

 enters the skull by the foramen jugulare (p. 30). The branches at the 

 back of the neck will be afterwards seen. 



The occipital vein begins at the back of the head (p. 21), and has the 

 same course as the artery ; it communicates with the lateral sinus through 

 the mastoid foramen, also with the diploic veins, and coalesces with the in- 

 ternal (sometimes the external) jugular vein. 



The posterior auricular artery is smaller than the preceding branch, 

 and takes origin above the digastric muscle. Between the ear and the 

 mastoid process, it divides into two branches for the ear and occiput (p. 21). 



A small branch, stylo-ma stoid enters the foramen of the same name, 

 and supplies the tympanum of the ear. 



The vein with the artery receives a stylo mastoid branch, and terminates 

 in the trunk formed by the temporal and internal maxillary veins. 



The temporal artery (i) is in direction the continuation of the external 

 carotid trunk, and is one of the terminal branches of that artery. As- 

 cending under the parotid gland it divides on the temporal fascia into an- 

 terior and posterior branches, about two inches above the zygoma ; these 

 are distributed to the front and side of the head (p. 21). The trunk of the 

 artery gives offsets to the surrounding parts, viz. : % 



a. Parotid branches are furnished to the gland of the same name. 

 Articular twigs are supplied to the articulation of the lower jaw ; and 



