298 



DISSECTION OF THE UPPER LIMB. 



At the same time the ligamentous bands uniting the metacarpal with 

 the carpal bones and with one another should be dissected. 



Bones of the first row (fig. 94). The os semilunare is united to the 

 lateral bones, viz., scaphoid and cuneiform by a dorsal (fig. 94, c?), and a 

 palmar transverse band ; as well as, it is said, by an interosseous. ligament 

 at the upper part of the continuous surfaces. 1 



The pisiform bone is articulated to the front of the cuneiform by a dis- 

 tinct capsule and a synovial membrane (fig. 92, 3 ). It has further two 

 special firm ligaments : one of these is attached to the process of the os 

 unciforme, and the other to the base of the fifth metacarpal bone. 



The bones of the second row are connected together in the same way as 

 those of the first, viz., by a dorsal and a palmar band of fibres from one 

 bone to another. Between the contiguous rough surfaces of the several 

 ossicles are interosseons ligaments, one in each interval. 



Movement. Only a small degree of gliding motion is permitted between 

 the different carpal bones, in consequence of the flattened articular sur- 

 faces, and the interosseous ligaments uniting one to another ; and this is 

 less in the second than in the first row. 



One row with another (transverse carpal joint, fig. 94). The two rows 

 of carpal bones are connected by an anterior and posterior, and two lateral 

 ligaments. 



The anterior ligament (p) consists of strong irregular fibres, and inter- 

 venes between the two rows (except the pisiform) on the palmar aspect. 

 The posterior ligament, which is longer and looser, and the greater num- 

 ber of whose fibres are transverse, has a corresponding attachment on the 

 dorsal aspect of the same bones. 



Fig. 94. 



a. Scaphoid bone. > 



6. Semilunar. 



c. Cuneiform. 



d. Dorsal transvevse bands between those 



bones. 



e. Trapezium bone. 

 /. Trapezoid. 



ff. Os magnnm. 



h. Unciform. 



t. Dorsal transverse bands joining the bones. 



fc. External lateral ligament of the intercarpal 



joint. 



I. Internal lateral. 

 p Anterior ligaments. 



ARTICULATIONS OF ONE CARPAL BONE WITH ANOTHFR, AND OF THE TWO ROWS WITH EACH 

 OTHER. THb JOINT BETWEEN THE TWO ROWS IS OPENED BEHIND. 



Of the lateral ligaments the external (&) is the best marked, and ex- 

 tends between the os trapezium and the scaphoid bone ; the internal liga- 

 ment (/) reaches between the cuneiform and unciform bones. 



Dissection. After the division of the lateral and posterior ligaments, 



1 Interosseous ligaments in this row, distinct from the other bands, can scarcely 

 be said to exist. 



