478 DISSECTION OF THE ABDOMEN. 



united together to form two or three larger tubes ; and these are finally 

 blended in the ureter. 



Structure. Besides an external fibrous layer, the ureter possesses a 

 muscular and a mucous coat. 



The muscular covering is composed of an external or longitudinal, and 

 of an internal or circular stratum. 



The mucous coat is thrown into longitudinal folds during the contracted 

 state of the ureter. Its epithelium consists of layers of cells of different 

 shapes ; thus, at the free surface they are squarish, at the attached sur- 

 face rounded, whilst in the intermediate strata they are cylindrical (Kbl- 

 liker). 



The calices resemble the rest of the duct in having a fibrous, a muscu- 

 lar, and a mucous coat. Around the base of the pyramid the calyx is 

 continuous with the enveloping tunic of the kidney; and at the apex the 

 mucous lining is prolonged into the uriniferal tubes through the small 

 openings. 



Vessels. The arteries are numerous but small, and are furnished by 

 the renal, spermatic, internal iliac, and inferior vesical. The veins cor- 

 respond with the arteries. 



The lymphatics are received- into those of the kidney. 



THE SUPRARENAL BODY. 



This small body, whose use is unknown, has received its name from its 

 position to the kidney. Its vessels and nerves are numerous, but it is not 

 provided with any excretory duct. 



One on each side, it is situate on the upper extremity and fore part of 

 the kidney ; and without care it may be removed with the surrounding 

 fat, which it resembles. Its color is a brownish-yellow. It is like a 

 cocked hat in form, with the upper part convex, and the base or lower 

 part hollowed, where it touches the kidney. 



In the adult it measures about one inch and a half in depth, and rather 

 less in width ; and its weight is between one and two drachms, but the left 

 is commonly larger than the right. 



Areolar tissue attaches the suprarenal body to the kidney ; and large 

 vessels and nerves retain it in place. The connections with the surround- 

 ing parts are the same as those of the upper end of the kidney. Thus it 

 rests on the diaphragm on both sides ; whilst above the right is the liver, 

 and above the left the pancreas and the spleen. On the inner side of the 

 right capsule is the vena cava, with part of the solar plexus ; and internal 

 to the left is the aorta, with the same plexus of nerves. 



Structure (fig. 167). A perpendicular section shows the suprarenal 

 body to be formed of a firm or external (cortical) part, and of an internal 

 (medullary) soft and dark material. With the microscope this body may 

 be seen to consist of cells, which are lodged in spaces formed by a stroma 

 of areolar tissue, with vessels and nerves. 



The whole is surrounded by a i\\\n fibrous capsule (a), which sends pro- 

 cesses into the interior, and along the bloodvessels. 



The cortical part, yellowish in color and striated, forms about two- 

 thirds of the thickness of the whole body. Its stroma of areolar tissue (a) 

 forms a thin surface layer, and is connected internally with processes or 

 septa, which are so arranged as to build up spaces elongated from without 

 inwards, and arranged vertically around the centre ; but near the surface 



