TYPES OF FARMING 51 



horse in hot regions. The work must then be done by mules 

 or cattle, or in the hottest regions by the water buffalo. 



Indirectly, the climate affects stock raising by limiting 

 the grazing period. Many attempts have been made 

 to introduce beef cattle in the North Atlantic States, but 

 the grazing period is too short. Pastures are cheap, but 

 the winter feeding period is too long. 



In spite of land values and feed prices, England and 

 Scotland are better situated than New England for raising 

 meat. The long grazing season more than makes up the 

 difference in prices of land and winter feed. 



By limiting the crops grown, the climate and soil limit 

 the animals raised. All of the noted horse-breeding 

 sections of the world are regions in which the soil is well 

 supplied with lime and mineral matter. The quality of 

 the horses from Kentucky is well known. They are 

 grazed on blue-grass that grows on a soil rich in lime. The 

 Percheron horse in France is raised on a limestone soil. 

 The rich valley of the Clyde 1 River furnished the oppor- 

 tunity for the production of the Clydesdale. 



Such illustrations may be multiplied indefinitely. 

 Among the first things to consider in deciding on a type 

 of farming are climate and soil. 



RELATION OF TRANSPORTATION TO TYPE OF FARMING 



43. General principles. The fundamental principle 

 is tli at products that are easily and cheaply shipped and 

 that will stand shipment 'will usually be produced far from 

 the centers of population, because near market they can- 

 not compete with bulky and perishable products. Perish- 

 able 1 products or products that are bulky for their value 

 will usually pay best when grown near the consumers- 



