550 FARM MANAGEMENT^ 



for about a month. In this way, 25 calves were bought 

 and sold during the year. 



The work on the farm is done by the tenant and one 

 hired-man, and a little help from the landlord who helped 

 spray and prune the orchard. Over 50 acres of crops were 

 raised per man, in addition to the other work done. This 

 is very good, particularly when we consider that there 

 were 21 acres of such intensive crops as potatoes, cabbage, 

 and apples, and that the work was so well done. The horses 

 raised 21 acres of crops per horse. 



The tenant on this farm went to high school 2 years, 

 farmed with his father 2 years. He then had about 

 $500, borrowed as much more for horses and equipment, 

 rented 75 acres of his father on shares for 2 years. Next 

 he rented a farm of 135 acres for 3 years. He then rented 

 this farm for a period of five years. The record here 

 given is the first year on this lease. He is now 28 years 

 old and is well started in farming. 



This system of farming is typical of the apple farms of 

 the East. Such farms are usually diversified farms with 

 5 to 15 acres of apples on a 100-acre farm. In 1900, in 

 Orleans County, N.Y., 76 per cent of the apple trees 

 were in orchards having less than 600 trees, or less than 

 15 acres. In 1910, there was no county in any of the 

 Eastern states that did not harvest at least 9 acres of other 

 crops for each acre of apples harvested. As the country 

 grows older, the newer regions in parts of the West that 

 have tended to specialize on apples will doubtless become 

 more diversified. The year's work is then better dis- 

 tributed. The risks of failure of crop, poor prices, and 

 pests are also less. The Eastern apple .grower expects 

 to live and pay the farm expenses from his farm, and 

 hopes to have his apple crop as extra profit. This man 



