CHAPTER XIII 

 WAGONS, BUGGIES, AND SLEDS 



342. Development. Carts and wagons were used at 

 a very early date, for in the Book of Genesis we find that 

 when Pharaoh advanced Joseph to the second place, "he 

 made him to ride in the second chariot he had." The 

 chariot is only a form of cart. Later in Joseph's time we 

 find that he sent wagons out of the land of Egypt to 

 convey Jacob and his whole family to the land of his 

 adoption. Not only did they have wagons and chariots 

 at a very early date, but they were of similar construction 

 to those of the present, for in the Book of Kings we read, 

 "And the work of the wheels was like the work of a 

 chariot wheel ; their axletrees, and their naves, and their 

 felloes, and their spokes were all molten." It is not 

 known just when wheels were first bound with tires of 

 iron, a practice which is of the greatest importance in the 

 construction of the wheel. Wooden wheels without tires 

 have been used in some countries until quite recently, and 

 good authority states that they have a limited use to-day. 



The use of carriages for general purposes began in the 

 eighteenth century, though steel springs were intro- 

 duced as early as the fourteenth. In 1804 Obadiah El- 

 liott invented the elliptical spring. It was early in the 

 nineteenth century that the greatest development took 

 place. During this period Telford and Macadam were 

 able to establish a system of good roads in England. 



Carts for the hauling of loads are used to some extent 

 in European countries and to a very limited extent in the 



