266 FARM MACHINERY 



handle and top set in one direction, which cannot be 

 changed. Another style of light pump is made in which 

 the lower part of the standard is a piece of wrought-iron 

 pipe. The cast standard has one advantage in cold cli- 

 mates, as it permits warm air from the well to circulate 

 around the pipe where it extends into the standard and 

 prevents freezing to a certain extent. 



376. Pump tops. Pump tops are divided into two 

 classes, known as hand and windmill tops. The former 

 permits the use of hand power only, while with the latter 

 the pump rod is extended so as to permit windmill con- 

 nection. At least two methods are to be found for fasten- 

 ing the pump top in place: set screws and offset bolts. 

 The latter seem to give the best satisfaction, as they give 

 more surface to support the top and are not apt to work 

 loose from the jerky motion given to the pump handle. 

 Windmill tops should be provided with interchangeable 

 guides or bushes, which may be replaced when worn. 

 This is not important, however, as very little wear comes 

 upon the bushes, the forces being transmitted in a vertical 

 direction only. 



377. Spouts. Spouts are either cast with the pump 

 standard or made detachable. They are styled by the 

 makers plain, siphon or gooseneck, and cock spouts. 

 The object of the siphon spout seems to be the securing 

 of a more even flow of water from the pump. If the pump 

 is a force pump, the spout should be provided with some 

 means of making a hose connection. The cock spout is 

 for this purpose, but a yoke hose connection or clevis 

 may be used for the same purpose with a disk of leather 

 in the place of the regular washer. 



378. Bases. Like the spout, the base may be cast with 

 the rest of the pump standard. However, there are two 

 other types found upon the market: the adjustable and 



