16 WOODWORKING 



or set-back, near a mill, and then to be sorted and later run 

 into the mill and sawed into lumber. In case it is not pos- 

 sible to transport logs in the natural way, as just described, 

 they must be hauled by team or train to the mill. 



This description is very brief and is designed merely to give 

 the outstanding facts in the process of felling trees and con- 

 veying them cut up to the mill. The reader is referred to 

 Noyes' Handwork in Wood, published by The Manual 

 Arts Press, Peoria, Illinois, for an adequate description of 

 this process and for a bibliography on logging. 



2. Milling. The logs are conveyed from the mill pond 

 or yard into the mill by means of an endless chain and the 

 "jack ladder" which is an inclined platform running from the 

 mill into the water of the mill yard. The endless chain which 

 runs over this inclined platform is fitted with studs which en- 

 gage with the logs as they are directed toward the jack ladder 

 by men with long spiked poles. The logs are carried end to 

 end into the mill and there are inspected for stones which may 

 be lodged in the bark. A nipper, controlled by steam, throws 

 each log to the side when the operator of the machine throws 

 a lever. The log now rolls down an inclined plane to a stop 

 made of heavy iron which is located at the edge of the saw 

 table. When the operator of the saw wants a log, he releases 

 the stop. This operation permits one log to roll onto the saw 

 table, where it is dogged, or clamped, to the table. 



The saw table moves backward and forward. With each 

 passage of the table, a large circular, or band, saw cuts off a 

 board. When two or three boards have been removed from 

 the side, the log is turned completely over by what is called a 



