PART I 



WOODWORKING 



CHAPTER I 

 TREES AND LUMBER 



1. Logging. The student is familiar with wood in two 

 forms. One is logs and the other is lumber. It is not only 

 desirable as information that you know the common trees, 

 but it is necessary for practical purposes that you know dif- 

 ferent kinds of wood when you see them in boards. 



Timber is first "spotted" by men who go thru the forest to 

 mark with an ax those trees which are to be cut. It is then 

 felled (chopped or sawed down) and trimmed by having all 

 limbs cut off. The body, or trunk, of the tree and the .limbs 

 which are large enough to be sawed into boards are cut to 

 board lengths of twelve, fourteen, or sixteen feet, etc., forming 

 logs. These logs are rolled, hauled or skidded into a clearing 

 to be piled up, measured and later transported to a saw-mill. 



While in large piles in the clearing, which is an open space 

 in the woods where the logs are said to be "banked," they are 

 scaled. This is measuring and estimating the number of 

 board feet in each log. Each end of the log is measured and 

 marked with the owner's number. 



The banking ground is frequently near a river and on a 

 level above that of the water in the river, so that the logs can 

 easily be rolled down into the stream, where they are allowed 

 to drift to some point down stream, to be collected in a bog, 



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