8 FARM MECHANICS 



Constructing a scale pit. 153. Vault for privy. 154. Milk-cool- 

 ing tank. 155. A rectangular water tank. 156. Potato and fruit 

 storage cellar. 157. Hog wallow. 158. Dipping vat for hogs. 



PART III 



BLACKSMITHING 



CHAPTER XVIII. MANUFACTURE OF IRON AND STEEL 185 



159. Preliminary. 160. Iron ore. 161. Pig iron. 162. Wrought 

 iron. 163. The open-hearth process. 164. The Bessemer proc- 

 ess. 165. Steel. 166. Tempering steel. 



CHAPTER XIX. EQUIPMENT FOR BLACKSMITHING; FUN- 

 DAMENTAL PROCESSES 192 



167. Use of the forge on the farm. 168. The forge and anvil. 

 169. Blacksmith's tools. 170. Supplies for forge work. 171. Use 

 of wrought iron. 172. The fire. 173. Welding. 



CHAPTER XX. PROJECTS IN BLACKSMITHING . . 199 



Problem 1 : Drawing and Bending of Iron. 



174. Tools to be used. 175. Maintaining the fire. 176. Bending 

 iron. 177. Drawing iron. 



Problem 2: Upsetting and Punching. 



178. Tools needed for upsetting and punching. 179. Upsetting 

 and punching. 180. Working instruction for punched screw clevis. 

 181. Open-end wrench. 182. Bolt head. 183. Log hook. 



Problem 3 : The Process of Welding. 



184. Preparations for welding. 185. Preparing the scarfs. 186. 

 Making the weld. 187. T-weld. 188. Wagon wrench. 189. 

 Welded clevis. 



Problem 4: Welding and Tempering Steel. 



190. Forging steel. 191. Working instructions for cold chisel. 192. 

 The butcher knife. 193. A cultivator shovel. 



CHAPTER XXI. SUPPLEMENTARY PROJECTS IN BLACK- 

 SMITHING 223 



194. Wagon-box stake irons. 195. Making a ring. 196. Con- 

 structing a chain. 197. Making ice tongs. 198. A right-angle 



