66 



WOODWORKING 



43. Tools. The tools emphasized in this group are the 

 different kinds of chisels. (See Classification, page 29.) Aux- 

 iliary tools described are the double gage, mallet, and nailset. 



FIG. 89. Socket chisel. 



FIG. 90. Tang chisel. 



44. Preliminary Instruction. For carpentry work, a 

 heavy chisel is required, one in which the handle fits into a 

 socket in the chisel blade, called the socket chisel (Fig. 89). 

 For ordinary use, however, even tho the handle of the chisel 



will be struck with a mallet 

 occasionally, but lightly, a 

 chisel with a spike on the end 

 of it (a "tang") which fits into 

 the handle is used (Fig. 90). 

 k The work a chisel does is 



divided into two classes, de- 

 pending upon the relation of 

 the direction of cutting and the 

 grain of the wood cut. When 

 the chisel cuts with the grain 

 (Fig. 91), it is said to pare off 

 a shaving, and the process is called paring. When a chisel 

 cuts across the grain, whether abruptly or at a sharp angle 

 with the wood fiber, it is said to be cutting crosswise, and 

 the process is called cross-chiseling (Fig. 92) . In case one 

 cuts across the grain in a vertical position, the process is 

 called vertical chiseling. It is in cross or vertical chiseling 

 that the mallet is much used to force the chisel across the 



FIG. 91. Paring with chisel. 



