74 WOODWORKING 



55. Modeling Tools. Under the classification of tools 

 (Sec. 7), are listed those in common use. Among these, but 

 not under a single heading, are those which are used princi- 

 pally for fashioning irregular surfaces. In such a group are 

 found the spoke-shave, the draw-knife and similar tools; the 

 hatchet, ax and adz, and also such miscellaneous tools as the 

 turning-saw, woodrasp and gage (Fig. 5). 



Perhaps in no place where woodworking hand tools are in 

 common use are the modeling tools more generally used than 

 on the farm, with the possible exception of the cooper shop. 

 The cutting edge of any one of these tools, except the turning- 

 saw and file, is, in form and use, both a chisel and a knife, yet 

 none of them are used either as the chisel or knife. 



Both the draw-knife and the spoke-shave (Fig. 5) are 

 chisels with a handle at either end of the cutting edge. In the 

 case of the spoke-shave, the thickness of the shaving is con- 

 trolled by a gage in an opening in the shoe or bed-plate of the 

 spoke-shave. There is also similarity in construction be- 

 tween this tool and the plane. 



On the other hand, the hatchet, ax and adz are chisels, but 

 controlled differently from either the chisel or the spoke-shave 

 and draw-knife. The descriptive matter under heading, 

 ''Working Instructions," in the following pages, suggests 

 the use of each of these tools, and should be studied care- 

 fully in connection with the illustrations. 



The instructions given are for making the hatchet handle. 

 This project includes the principal modeling exercises for the 

 majority of the forming tools herein listed. 



