USE OF MODELING OR FORMING TOOLS 77 



be done with the spoke-shave or the plane, or partly by the 

 use of each. 



59. Scraping and Sandpapering. Finally, all irregu- 

 lar surfaces should be scraped with a piece of glass or a steel 

 scraper, and sandpapered, first using the sandpaper on a 

 block and moving the block slowly around the handle as it is 

 moved back and forth lengthwise with the grain. Finally, 

 with the sandpaper in the hand, continue to move the paper 

 lengthwise to secure the finished surface. Cross strokes with 

 the sandpaper may be taken if followed by strokes with the 

 grain. 



Supplementary Instructions: 



60. The Wood Rasp. In some cases, it is advisable to 

 use a wood rasp (Fig. 5) separately or in conjunction with 

 the spoke-shave, scraper and sandpaper in modeling a piece 

 of wood to an' irregular form and shape. If a spoke-shave 

 had not been available for use on the hatchet handle, the 

 same general procedure could have been followed with the 

 wood rasp in modeling the form for each of the different 

 shapes described, viz. rectangular cross-section, eight-sided 

 cross-section, etc. 



The wood rasp is held like a file. It is pushed forward with 

 pressure for the cutting stroke, and lightly drawn back in con- 

 tact with the wood, or lifted from the wood entirely on the re- 

 turn stroke. As it is pushed, it is rolled slightly and, also, 

 moved lengthwise on the stock, thus avoiding rutting or 

 gouging the wood. 



The hatchet, ax or adz may be used to remove a consider- 

 able portion of stock to secure roughly the desired form or 

 shape. 



