100 WOODWORKING 



When the wood surface has dried after the application of the 

 water, it should be thoroly sanded. The application of the 

 water stain will raise the grain slightly, but not sufficiently to 

 require sanding, which, of course, would injure the appear- 

 ance of the stained wood. 



86. Oil Stains; Chemical Stains. These are applied 

 in the manner described for water stains, except that the 

 previous washing is omitted. An oil stain will strike into 

 the wood more freely than will a water stain, and, conse- 

 quently, because of the variation in the porosity of the aver- 

 age piece of wood, and especially of different pieces of wood 

 assembled in one unit, difficulty is sometimes experienced in 

 getting a uniform color. It may be necessary on particularly 

 porous woods to dilute an oil stain, or to apply a thinner 

 coat than would be used on a less porous part or piece of 

 wood. Wax or one of the class B finishes may be used after an 

 oil stain has dried and the surface oil has evaporated thoroly. 



Chemical stains, which now constitute the largest part 

 of those to be secured in the open market, are prepared 

 to overcome the disadvantages of poor penetrating qualities of 

 water stains and the uneven penetration of oil stains. They 

 prove quite satisfactory in giving a uniform and well-set color 

 on wood of fairly uniform quality. They may be covered 

 either with wax or the finishes under class B. 



87. Coal-tar Creosote Oil. The preservation of wood 

 on the farm cannot always be most satisfactorily accom- 

 plished by the use of wood finishes already described. Wooden 

 fence posts, bridge and trestle supports, piles or posts used to 

 support roofs for grain and hay stacks, timbers used in silos, 

 wooden shingles for roofs, etc., are neither stained nor painted 



