PART III 



BLACKSMI THING 



CHAPTER XVIII 



MANUFACTURE OF IRON AND STEEL 



159. Preliminary. There is quite as great need on the 

 farm and in the house for a knowledge of metalwork and 

 facilities to carry it on as for woodwork and cement work. The 

 house-owner and home-maker is more independent if he can 

 do the ordinary things about the home premises which de- 

 mand the use of metalworking tools for the simpler construc- 

 tions and repairs. 



Under the general head metalwork, we shall consider, 

 under separate parts, the following special branches 

 of metalwork: Forging, Sheet-metalwork, and Farm Ma- 

 chinery Repair and Adjustment. 



Under the sub-heads given above, the first will deal chief- 

 ly with steel, wrought iron or cast iron, while under the 

 second, tin, zinc or lead, or sheet iron, will be the material 

 handled. 



160. Iron Ore. The commercial varieties of iron are pig 

 iron, wrought iron and steel. Iron is found in the ground in 

 natural deposits as "ore," which consists of metal imbedded 

 nT mineral and extraneous matter of no value. If the ore 

 contains 50 per cent or more of *fnetal, it is called "rich." It 

 cannot be worked commercially with profit if it contains less 

 than 30 per cent of metal. The valuable ores are oxides, hy- 



-"" "*~ 185 



