196 BLACKSMITHING 



170. Supplies for Forge Work. It is well to carry in 

 stock a small supply of wrought iron and steel in the following 

 sizes: 



3/8" rods. 

 5/8" rods. 

 1/4" x 5/8" bars. 

 1/4" x 1" bars. 

 (Note: Also material for buggy tires, bolts and rivets.) 



171. Use of Wrought Iron. Wrought iron will be used 

 chiefly. It can be worked either hot or cold. When worked 

 cold, it becomes denser, harder, more elastic and brittle, but 

 can be brought to its original condition by heating to red and 

 cooling slowly. 



The ordinary processes of tool construction are described 

 in the instructions for projects. For ordinary work, a "red" 

 heat is given the stock. When pieces are to be joined to form 

 one solid piece by welding, however, the stock is brought to a 

 "white" heat. 



172. The Fire. The blacksmith's forge is a pan with a 

 grate at the bottom which admits the air pumped for the pur- 

 pose of creating a draft. The pan, or fire pot, contains the 

 coal. This must be bituminous, or soft, coal of the very best 

 quality. It is very important that it be free from sulphur 

 and phosphorus. 



To build the fire, remove all clinkers, slate, stone and other 

 foreign material. Push the coal and coke to one side to ex- 

 pose the grate, tuyere, or wind box. Upon this, place a few 

 shavings, some straw or paper, and cover with a little kindling 

 as the match is applied. 



