206 



BLACKSMITHING 



by upsetting. To upset stock, heat it at the point to be en- 

 larged, place it on end on the anvil, and pound it on the other 

 end with a hammer. Repeat this process for each reheating 

 until the stock is of the desired size where it is to be upset. 



FIG. 188. Machine bolt. 



FIG. 189. Log hook. 



At times, to make a hole thru a piece of iron with forge tools, 

 it is only necessary to drive a punch thru it when hot. At 

 other times, the stock will need to be bent around to lap 

 back on itself, when it must be welded as described in the 

 next group in this section, or the hole will have to be drilled. 



180. Working Instructions for the Punched Screw 

 Clevis. One piece of 1/2" wrought iron 12" long will be 

 used for this project. 



1) Heat one end of the iron to light red and bend 1-1/4" of 



