FARM WATER SUPPLY AND SEWAGE DISPOSAL 357 



all bath and kitchen fixtures should be open work. Free ac- 

 cess of air and light should also be obtained. Boxed-in sinks 

 and bath tubs are insanitary because dirt and moisture are 

 bound to collect around the base. 



326. Materials Used for Plumbing. For sinks, the 

 solid porcelain is the most expensive. The iron enamel is 

 just about as good as the solid porcelain and 



can be obtained much cheaper. For laundry 

 equipment, the slate, reinforced concrete and 

 enameled iron can be used. Slate tubs for 

 laundry are very satisfactory. The most san- 

 itary equipments are those which are in one 

 piece with all parts properly rounded. The 

 general equipment is usually listed as to 

 quality as No. 1, No. 2 and No. 3. No. 1 is FIG. 344. Pipe 



V1SG 



usually guaranteed and is very expensive; 



No. 2 is very satisfactory. It is usually not advisable to buy 



the No. 3 quality. 



The person who would do the simple plumbing jobs herein 

 described should become familiar with the more common 

 plumbing tools and their uses; also, the various pipe fittings 

 required. The following tools are needed for even the 

 simplest job: Vise, cutter, die-stock and dies, wrenches, 

 reamer or half-round file, and rule. 



327. Pipe Vise. The hinged type of vise (Fig. 344) with 

 gravity pawl is about the best to secure. The reversible type 

 may be secured. The latter can be thrown open either to the 

 right or to the left, with a clutch on either side to engage 

 the pawl. Such a vise has a distinct advantage when cut- 

 ting a pipe which has fittings that will not pass thru the frame 

 of an ordinary vise. 



