DRAINAGE AND PIPE-FITTING 371 



should be straight from cellar to roof. Tight joints are 

 an essential requirement of every plumbing system. 

 Provide a trap for every fixture; the best practice pro- 

 vides a 2" ventilation pipe with connection to each trap. 

 The location of each fixture should be carefully con- 

 sidered with a view to convenience for the user and to 

 make a simple, efficient layout. 



Working Instructions: 



347. Sewer Tile. Lay a sewer tile from sewer connec- 

 tion, or from septic tank, to a point 5' outside of building. 

 Follow instructions as outlined under Sees. 338-341. Make 

 connection of soil pipe with sewer, and extend it to a point 

 in the basement where it will be most convenient to fixtures 

 and where it will pass thru partition to roof. 



348. Soil Pipe. The joints of soil pipe are similar to 

 joints of sewer tile. Each section of pipe is provided with a 

 bell end into which is placed the spigot end 



of the next section. The joints must be 

 perfectly tight; to make them so, oakum 

 and lead are used. The pipe is set in place, 



a roll of oakum is packed into the bottom of 



. . . ,, , . , . , . ,. . FIG. 355. Soil pipe 



joint, after which molten lead is poured into joint caulked with 



the joint, filling it completely (Fig. 355). oakum and lead ' 

 To pour the lead where a joint is made in a horizontal pipe, a 

 sort of collar must be provided with opening at the top. If 

 the oakum is not carefully packed into place, the lead will run 

 thru. After the lead has cooled, pack it solidly into the joint 

 with a hammer and caulking tool. Well-caulked joints are 

 absolutely tight. 



