CHAPTER IV 



THE WAYS OF LIFE 



(MODES OF ANIMAL BEHAVIOUR) 



ot ber worfcs bas an essence of its own ; eacb of bet 

 pbenomena a special cbaracterisatton ; anD get tbeir Diver* 

 sitg is in units. . . .' 



4 Sbe bas always tbougbt anD always tbtnfcs ? tbougb not 

 as a man, but as IRature. Sbe brooDs over an alUcompre* 

 benDing iDea, wbicb no searcbfng can finD out. . . .' 



4 Sbe creates neeDs because sbe loves action. WonDrous ! 

 tbat sbe proDuces all tbis action so easily Bver^ neeo is a 

 benefit, swiftly sattsfieD, swiftly reneweD. Bver^ fresb 

 want is a new source of pleasure, but sbe soon reacbes an 

 equilibrium/ 



4 Sbe bas neitber language nor Discourse; but sbe creates 

 tongues anD bearts, bg wbicb sbe feels anD speafcs/ 



Goethe's Aphorisms, translated by Huxley. 



What is Animal Behaviour ? Behaviour of the Lower Animals : 

 Tropisms and more than Tropisms The Study of Animal 

 Instinct Instances of Instinctive Behaviour The Tale of 

 the Black White Ant Specialized Character of Many Instincts 

 Limitations of Instinct Some Difficult Phenomena : * Feign- 

 ing Death ', ' Bluffing ', ' Homing ', * Masking 'Intelligent 

 Behaviour Instinct and Intelligence Educated Animals. 



THEKE can be no doubt that investigators of animal 

 behaviour during the last quarter of a century have 

 been much less generous than their predecessors, and that 

 they have in their parsimony greatly advanced our under- 

 standing. For it is an important rule in science to make the 



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