298 



WOOD AND FOREST. 



2. Pith rays indistinct; color of heart-wood reddish brown; sap-wood 

 grayish to reddish white ELMS. 



C. Pores of summer wood arranged in radial branching lines (when very 

 crowded radial arrangement somewhat obscured ) . 



1. Pith rays very minute, hardly visible CHESTNUT. 



2. Pith rays very broad and conspicuous OAK. 



D. Pores of summer wood mostly but little smaller than those of the spring 

 wood, isolated and scattered; very heavy and hard woods. The pores of 

 the spring wood sometimes form but an imperfect zone. (Some diffuse- 

 porous woods of groups A and B may seem to belong here.) 



1. Fine concentric lines (not of pores) as distinct, or nearly so, as the 

 very fine pith rays; outer summer wood with a tinge of red; heart- 

 wood light reddish brown HICKORY. 



2. Fine concentric lines, much finer than the pith rays ; no reddish tinge 

 in summer wood ; sap-wood white ; heart-wood blackish PERSIMMON. 



ADDITIONAL NOTES FOR DISTINCTIONS IN THE GROUP. 



Fig. 132. A, black ash; B, white ash; C, green ash. 



The different species of ash may be identified as follows (Fig. 132) : 



1. Pores in the summer wood more or less united into lines. 



a. The lines short and broken, occurring mostly near the limit of the 

 ring WHITE ASH. 



&. The lines quite long and conspicuous in most parts of the summer 

 wood GREEN . ASH. 



2. Pores in the summer wood not united into lines, or rarely so. 



a. Heart-wood reddish brown and very firm RED ASH. 



6. Heart-wood grayish brown, and much more porous BLACK ASH. 



