Advantages of discovery to Manufacturers. 25 



are indebted to Howard and Brugnatelli for fulmi- 

 nating silver. Railway-contractors, quarry-pro- 

 prietors, and others, use nitre-glycerine discovered 

 by Sobrero. Iron smelters are benefiting by the 

 discovery of Bunsen, that 42 per cent, of the heat of 

 the fuel was lost as combustible gases these gases 

 are now utilized. Telegraphists and electro-platers 

 are also indebted to him for his voltaic battery. The 

 producers of metallic magnesium owe the origin of 

 their process to him as being the first to convert it 

 into wire and make known its great light giving 

 power. Multitudes of persons now use his well- 

 known "Bunsen's burner" for heating, cooking, and 

 other operations. The various telegraph companies, 

 copper smelters, and makers of copper telegraph 

 wire, are using Dr. Matthiessen's discovery of the 

 influence of impurities on the electric conducting 

 power of copper. Phosphorus-makers are reaping 

 the reward of the labours of Gahn and Scheele. The 

 makers of electro-plate and German silver are 

 deriving profits from the labours of Faraday, who 

 investigated electrolysis ; of Gay Lussac, who dis- 

 covered cyanogen ; and of Cronstedt, who discovered 

 nickel. Makers of Bessemer steel enjoy advantages 

 derived from the spectrum discoveries of Kirchoff. 

 Iron and copper smelters, metallurgists in general, 

 dyers, calico printers, bleachers, brewers, makers of 

 vinegar, red lead, varnishes, colours, soaps, green vit- 

 riol, phosphorus, oil-of-vitriol, and many others, are 

 deriving benefit from the discoveries of Priestley and 



