Advantages of Science to workmen. 33 



relations, and our every-day life, not because the 

 dependence of our welfare upon science is less real, 

 but partly because the connection between the two is 

 less understood. 



Not only has science benefited manufacturers, but 

 also operatives, because the extension of science to 

 manufacturing purposes has compelled them to make 

 themselves acquainted with intellectual subjects. 

 "Instead of remaining mere machines, mechanically 

 performing the work set before them, they are 

 obliged to exercise the faculties of observation and 

 judgment in watching the results and directing the 

 action of mechanical, physical, and chemical powers. 

 Instead of following the blind path of experience, 

 using unknown forces to accomplish some definite 

 result, they pursue their labours with the aid of 

 known and certain laws." It is true that in many 

 cases artisans who have acquired a little knowledge 

 of science have thereby been rendered conceited and 

 unfit for their special employment, and this has 

 made many manufacturers object to technical scien- 

 tific education for their servants ; but this would not 

 be so much the case if scientific knowledge were 

 more generally and equally diffused. Arguments are 

 not unfrequently adduced to support the opinion 

 that ignorance has its advantages; but, however 

 great the advantages of ignorance may be, those of 

 knowledge are greater. 



In consequence of the labours of scientific dis- \ 

 coverers and inventors, the progress of science is 



