5 Research has aided every manufacture. 



whether the silver adheres firmly, is of good colour, 

 or is deposited at a certain cost ; but with a manu- 

 facturer unless all these conditions are fulfilled, the 

 process is a failure. These matters, however, belong 

 to invention and not to original discovery. 



We should not condemn theoretical science 

 because we are not able, even with fair and per- 

 severing trial, to apply it to any useful purpose, but 

 wait patiently until circumstances ripen for its 

 application. Many inventions which are inappli- 

 cable in one state of knowledge become applicable 

 by the progress of scientific research. The idea of 

 an electric telegraph, attempted by Mr. Ronalds, in 

 the year 1816, with the aid of frictional electricity, 

 had to wait the development of the galvanic battery 

 and the discovery of electro-magnetism before it 

 could be successfully applied. 



Many manufacturers seem to think that because 

 some of their operations are completely routine, and 

 have been handed down to them by their pre- 

 decessors in nearly their present state, they are not 

 at all indebted to science ; but there is no manu- 

 facture, especially among metals, which has not in 

 some degree been aided by scientific discovery. 



In addition to the great benefits accruing from 

 original research to all classes of society, our Gov- 

 ernments have also derived immense advantages 

 from the same source. The revenues have been 

 greatly increased by the universal advantages con- 

 ferred upon all kinds of industry and commerce by 



