Encouragement of Research in Germany. 65 



of coal are consumed in them daily. The Anzin 

 Company (Valenciennes) "is the largest coal company 

 in the world, producing no less than 1,200,000 tons 

 per annum, and employs 8,000 hands." The Chat- 

 illon and Commentry Iron and Coal Company 

 (France), produce annually from 300,000 to 350,000 

 tons of coal and coke, nearly 70,000 tons of iron and 

 steel, and employ nearly 9,000 workmen. At the 

 Creuzot Ironworks (France), " the mineral conces- 

 sions cover an area of nearly six square miles, the 

 coal-fields nearly twenty-five square miles, the build- 

 ing 296 acres. There are nearly forty-five miles of 

 railway between various parts of the works, upon 

 which are generally running sixteen locomotives. 

 The galleries in the mines are more than twenty miles 

 long." 10,000 persons are employed in the works and 

 the annual amount of wages paid equals ^"400,000.* 



Our practice with regard to original science has 

 been very different from the plan carried out in Ger- 

 many. Within the last few years great laboratories 

 have been erected in Berlin, Leipzig, Aix la Chapelle, 

 Bonn, Carlsruhe, Stuttgardt, and other places, at the 

 expense of the State, and special provision has been 

 made in them for original scientific research. A 

 glance at the frequently published list of scientific 

 investigations made in different countries will shew 

 us that the Germans have been making a far greater 

 number of discoveries in science than ourselves. 



Sir R. B. C. Brodie, Professor of Chemistry at 



*NOTE. See "Work and Wages," by Brassey, p.p. 15-131 and 132; aLo the 

 "Laboratory," vol. i, p.p. 313-316-378 and 380. 



K 



