88 Intellectual Influence of Science. 



railway without creating an improved intellectual 

 influence. It is probable that Watt and Stephenson 

 will eventually modify the opinions of mankind, almost 

 as profoundly as Luther and Voltaire." Photography 

 has exercised an immense intellectual influence of an 

 improved kind, by making common to all mankind* 

 views of the beautiful scenery of all parts of our globe, 

 and portraits of individuals of all nations and of ail 

 classes of society. Processes of printing from electro- 

 type plates, pictures and letter-press, upon the paper 

 wrappers, used by grocers and other tradesmen, have 

 also carried into the homes of millions of poor persons 

 truthful ideas and an improved intellectual influence. 

 The invention of steel pens, of which a thousand 

 millions are made yearly in Birmingham alone, must 

 also have considerably aided intellectual progress. 

 The various calculating machines used by merchants, 

 the copying presses, papyrographs, and the numerous 

 inventions for copying and multiplying letters and 

 circulars and for domestic printing, have saved intel- 

 lectual toil, and promoted the diffusion of intelligence- 

 These are only a few of the numerous ways in which 

 inventions based upon scientific discoveries, have 

 resulted in mental progress. 



Less perhaps has been done in the way of actual 

 definite scientific experiments upon mental actions 

 and processes than in almost any other department of 

 science, and this is partly accounted for by the fact 

 that the other sciences require to be largely advanced 

 before we can use them to examine mental action, 



