Scientific research promotes Economy. 1 5 1 



scientific truth has through inventions taught us how 

 to obtain greater effects with less expenditure of 

 space, of time, of materials, and forces. It has 

 enabled us to effect our objects quicker and with a 

 dimunition of waste. In the sugar manufacture for 

 example, by means of the centrifugal machine, the 

 sugar is deprived as perfectly of molasses in three 

 minutes, as it was previously in three days, and the 

 necessary manufacturing apparatus has been so much 

 reduced in magnitude as not to require more than 

 one half the space. The process of bleaching linen, 

 which formerly required weeks, has by the discovery 

 of chlorine been reduced to hours. Journeys which 

 at one time occupied weeks now only require days. 

 Messages are now transmitted in hours which formerly 

 required months. Multitudes of instances might be 

 adduced of the diminished cost of the comforts and 

 conveniences of life, resulting in consequence of dis- 

 covery of new scientific knowledge. Ultramarine for 

 example, which at one time cost from ten to twenty 

 pounds an ounce, has by means of chemical research 

 been reduced in price to a few pence per pound ; 

 phosphorus, which formerly cost several guineas an 

 ounce, now costs only as many pence. 



Numerous substances which were formerly thrown 

 away, destroyed, or neglected, are now utilized. 

 Coal tar and gas-water, which were at cne time waste 

 products in the making of gas, and which when 

 thrown away were the causes of costly litigation to 

 gas-companies, by polluting streams and wells, &c. r 



