Sources of income of Men of Science. 179 



than that already existing and provided against in 

 many other appointments. 



Many persons, not clearly perceiving the difference 

 between pure research and other scientific occupa- 

 tions, suppose that because science is encouraged in 

 various ways in this country ; and because sums of 

 money are occasionally given to scientific institutions, 

 and some scientific men are evidently receiving good 

 incomes, that discoverers are remunerated, but this is 

 a great mistake ; there is probably not a scientific 

 man in the kingdom who is wholly employed in such 

 Avork in abstract physics or chemistry, and paid for 

 his entire skill, time, and labour. Wherever payment 

 is made for scientific labour, it is nearly always for that 

 performed with a view to some immediate practical 

 application. Inventors and expositors are remunera- 

 ted, but discoverers are not. 



At the present time in this country scientific men 

 are paid for teaching, lecturing, writing popular 

 scientific articles, compiling scientific books, editing 

 scientific journals, making chemical analyses and ex- 

 periments for manufacturers, companies, and others, 

 for practical purposes, or to obtain evidence for legal 

 cases, giving evidence on scientific subjects in courts 

 of law, with consultations and advice to manufacturers 

 and others, superintending scientific commercial un- 

 dertakings, &c. Some also unfortunately obtain an 

 income and cheap publicity by the empirical contri- 

 vance of selling to tradesmen, their scientific opinions 

 in the form of testimonials which are extensively 



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