M. WICHUBA ON THE WINDING OF LEAVES. 281 



the right or left direction assumes the uppermost place without 

 any definite order. 



A similar change of direction is met with in the tendrils of the 

 Passiflorce and the fruit-stalks of many Mosses. In the former 

 the relative situations of the two directions are indeterminate, as 

 in the styles of Protea grandiflora -, in the latter they are fixed. 

 The winding to the right is here usually uppermost, the winding 

 to the left in the lowest place. But the Funariea form an ex- 

 ception to this, since their fruit-stalks are wound to the left 

 above and to the right below. 



44. 

 3. Different relative altitude of insertion of the Leaves. 



Phalaris minor, L., Ph. c&rulescens, Desf., Ph. aspera, Retz., 

 Ph. canariensis, L., Ph. paradoxa, L. Fam. of Gramineae : 

 the first two leaves succeeding the cotyledon are wound to the 

 left, the succeeding leaves wind to the left at their points and 

 to the right below. In Avena sativa, L., and probably the allied 

 species, the first stem-leaf, developed after the cotyledon, winds 

 to the right, the following leaves wind to the left at the point 

 and to the right below, and finally the uppermost stem-leaves, 

 standing in the immediate vicinity of the inflorescence, wind to 

 the left. In Watsonia fulgens, Pers., and W. aletroides, Ker., 

 Fam. of Irideae as well as in many plants of the family of 

 the Grasses, e.g. Anthoxanthum odoratum, L., Calamagrosiis 

 Epigeios, L., Fesluca rubra, Huds., &c., right- and left-wound 

 leaves follow one another apparently without any fixed order. 



45. 

 4. Unlike lateral insertion of solitary Leaves. 



Dichcea squarrosa, Lindl. Fam. of Orchideae, Eucalyptus 

 viarginata, Lk., E. stenophylla, Lk., E. micrantha, D.C. Fam. 

 of Myrtaceae : the distichously alternate leaves are wound in 

 opposite directions on the opposite ranks. Chrysocoma Lino- 

 syris, L. (see fig. 6), GaJatella linifolia, D.C., G. punclata, D.C. 

 Fam. of Compositae, Andersomaprostrata, Sond., Sprengelia 

 incarnala Fam. of Epacridcac, Mdahuca stypheloides, L. 



