THE PEAR. 97 



Trees submitted to this form of training (fig. 84) 

 are composed of a vertical stem, with a series of 

 branches growing from the sides opposite each other 

 at 12 inches apart. 



These branches are at first trained horizontally, then 

 turned upwards in a vertical direction, and rise to the 

 summit of the wall. 



This form is preferable on some accounts to the 

 palmette with oblique branches. 



The form is more favourable to the equal distribution 

 of sap throughout the tree, and vegetation is more 

 easily and equally maintained. The method to be 

 followed in obtaining this form is as follows : 



Choose for planting grafts of one year. Plant the 

 trees at such distances against the walls that each will 

 cover a surface of about 20 square yards. Suppress 

 such a proportion of the stem as is required to establish 

 an equilibrium between the tree and its roots. 



First Pruning. Do not apply the first pruning until 

 the trees have well taken root, or rather, until they 

 have been planted one year. Cut the stem at about 12 

 inches from the ground, A (fig. 85), immediately above 

 three buds, one upon each side. Two of these buds 

 will form the first lateral branches, and the highest or 

 front one the extension of the stem. 



During the summer, preserve upon each of the young 

 stems the three buds only that we have just mentioned, 

 and keep them in an equal state of vigour. If one of 

 them grows faster than the other, loosen it from the 

 wall, incline it a little downwards, and raise the feebler 

 one. 



