198 FRUIT TREES. 



standard for orchards ; the pyramid, the double vertical 

 cordon, and espalier for the fruit-garden ; Verrier 

 palmette and oblique simple cordon are the forms we 

 recommend for espaliers, to which may be added the 

 vertical cordon. 



The management of the wood and the fruit branches 

 is the same as for the plum. Thus the shoots which 

 grow upon the last extension of the wood-branches, 

 being pinched at three or four inches in the summer, 

 produce, as the result, a branch resembling fig. 169. 

 At the winter pruning these are cut at A. After 

 another year's growth these branches present the 

 aspect of fig. 170. They are next cut at B, in order to 

 force back the sap to the lower part, to obtain new 

 fruit-buds, and so on from year to year= 



