INTBODUCTOBY CHAPTEB. 15 



direction and under what angle can the horse exert 

 his power of traction with least inconvenience and 

 fatigue to himself. And the consideration of this ques- 

 tion naturally led to an examination of the collar, the 

 hames, the trace, the pole and pole-chains, and the 

 wheel itself, as the most important parts of the harness 

 and carriage, as far as the best mode of utilising the 

 horse's power is concerned. 



The fourth and last part of the book is devoted to 

 the " Prevention and Cure of Eestiveness." Violent 

 measures are seldom successful for the latter purpose, 

 and more likely to produce than to prevent insubordina- 

 tion. In fact, what is generally required is a complete 

 course of re-training, under circumstances different from 

 those under which the restiveness is usually exhibited. 

 The question then arises, On what system this re-training 

 should be undertaken the usual English one, or some 

 modification of the school method ? The first named, 

 taken alone, is inadequate to the purpose ; if for no 

 other reason, from being generally carried out on the 

 roads, fields, &c. that is to say, just where provocation 

 and opportunity for conflicts present themselves at 

 every corner. Nevertheless, it has its own peculiar 

 advantages, which should be utilised. The school 

 method is much better adapted for the correction of 

 restiveness, because it affords more direct and efficient 

 means for acquiring perfect control over the horse's 

 movements. It is, however, from a judicious combina- 

 tion of the two systems that the best results may be 

 hoped for. We shall, therefore, give first a general 

 sketch of the principles of both, pointing out as we 

 proceed how each may be best applied for the object in 

 view, as also for that of getting over difficulties with 



