TABLE OF CONTENTS. XI 



between jaws Glands situated here Conformation of horse's 

 chin, nose, lips, chin-groove, externally ; of mouth and tongue 

 internally Average dimensions of some part of horses' mouths 

 The tongue-channel Carriage of horse's head and neck 

 must be suited to kind of work demanded Carriage for 

 military [purposes, for racing, for hunting, for road-riding 



123-148 



CHAPTER III. 



THE CAVESSON SNAFFLE NOSE-BAND TRAINING-HALTER 

 RUNNING-REINS. 



The snaffle the simplest and best of all forms of bit Requires good, 

 steady seat Various forms of snaffle Their relative value 

 The nose-band, its use Difficulties about it Von Oeynhausen's 

 training-halter Where the snaffle should be put in the horse's 

 mouth Martingales Seeger's running-reins . . 149-160 



CHAPTER IV. 



THE LEVER THE BIT AND CURB THE BRIDLE. 



With a plain snaffle there is no lever-power Orders of levers 

 Lever of second order gives the action required for a bit The 

 curb should not exert the slightest degree of painful action 

 Whatever may be required of this should be exerted by mouth- 

 piece, the less the better Consequences of curb producing a 

 greater amount of painful action than mouth-piece Length of 

 the bars of bit, whence measured Line of bearing Length 

 of upper bar of bit A bit "falls through" or stands stiff: 

 why ? Effects of both Angle at which reins should act on 

 bit Dimensions of lower bar of bit Curb, length of Position 

 for mouth-piece in horse's mouth Best form of curb Curb- 

 hooks Mouth-piece of bit Port, use of Rings on mouth- 

 pieces, their use Jointed mouth-pieces Pelham Dumpy bit 

 Method of adjusting bit and bridle The bridoon Bits for 

 harness should be made and adjusted on precisely similar 

 principles Reins for double harness, how to adjust . 161-198 



