132 BITS AND BITTING. 



passing by we saw from a distance of fifty yards, by the 

 shape of the horse's head, which was very prominent, 

 what the matter really was ; on inspection there was 

 found a regular necklace of swollen and highly- sensitive 

 glands, especially on the one side. 



All these peculiarities of formation must be therefore 

 taken into account when we set about bitting or 

 breaking-in horses, and many of those who take this 

 little book into their hands will be able to call to mind 

 instances that came within their own observation tend- 

 ing to confirm most entirely what is here stated, and 

 some will no doubt have cause to regret that they did 

 not study this subject more accurately before they set 

 about horse-breaking. 



We now pass on to the other parts of the exterior of 

 the horse's head that have to do with the matter in 

 hand. On referring to Plate I., exhibiting the internal 

 framework and the external contours of the horse, the 

 reader will perceive, on looking to the head, that the 

 osseous or bony parts of this organ are covered very 

 unequally by the soft parts the muscles, skin, mem- 

 branes, bulbous roots of the hair and beard, fat, &c. 

 in fact, what are usually called the integuments ; the 

 bone has, moreover, sharp edges on the under surface 

 of the lower jaw, and a certain portion of the nose 

 consists of cartilage, as may be seen from the plate 

 already referred to. The practical importance of all 

 this depends on the different degrees of sensibility to 

 pressure that result from these varieties of confor- 

 mation ; for instance, the lower lip is covered with a 

 very thick skin, underneath which lie the roots of the 

 beard, fat, and membrane, and this structure is con- 

 tinued up into a certain depression under the chin, 



