158 



BITS AND BITTING. 



more than 1 inch (say 1-J-), the external one being If, 

 leaving, therefore, the thickness of the ivory about 

 half an inch. 



The running-rein is in one straight piece, S| feet long 

 from the buckle to the 1 point, towards which latter it 



Fig. 8. 



tapers off somewhat, its width being otherwise that of a 

 common bit-rein, T 6 n of an inch. An 18-inch strap of 

 the same width is sewed on behind the buckle and 

 pierced with five or six holes. The martingale has the 

 same contrivance, as usual, of a buckle for forming a 

 loop through which to draw the girths ; but the other 



